First Language Acquisition. Yule. G. Chapter 16.

1.Which are two important features of the caretaker speech?

The language that adult used it to interact with the children denotes simplified words, exaggerated intonation, extensive repetition and simple sentences structure.
The most important feature falls into the structure when the interact in a conversation, when they engage with the kids.

2.What is the term used to describe the process where a child uses one word like “Ball” to refer to an apple, an egg and a ball?

This process is called overextension, the most common pattern is for the child to overextented the meaning of a word on the basis of similarities of shap, sound and size, and to a lesser extent, of movement and texture.

3.Why saying that children learn because they imitate is controversial?

Yes, because it is not imposible that the child is acquiring the language through a process of consistently imitating (parrot-fashion) adult speech. Of course, the child can be heard to repeat many versions of what adults say, to adopt a lot of vocabulary.
Nor does adult "correction" seem to be a very effective determiner of how the child speaks.

4.Do children change behaviour when they are corrected?

Even when the correction is attempted in a more subtle manner, the child will continue to use a personally constructed form, despite the adult's repetition of what the correct form should be.

5.What is the role of feedback in children learning?

The feedback process appears when the child is talking, and use it his knowledge. The practice seems to be an important factor in the development of the child's linguistic repertoire.